Fix: add missing destroy functions to queues/stack APIs
[userspace-rcu.git] / urcu / static / wfcqueue.h
1 #ifndef _URCU_WFCQUEUE_STATIC_H
2 #define _URCU_WFCQUEUE_STATIC_H
3
4 /*
5 * urcu/static/wfcqueue.h
6 *
7 * Userspace RCU library - Concurrent Queue with Wait-Free Enqueue/Blocking Dequeue
8 *
9 * TO BE INCLUDED ONLY IN LGPL-COMPATIBLE CODE. See urcu/wfcqueue.h for
10 * linking dynamically with the userspace rcu library.
11 *
12 * Copyright 2010-2012 - Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
13 * Copyright 2011-2012 - Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
14 *
15 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
16 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
17 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
18 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
19 *
20 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
21 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
22 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
23 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
24 *
25 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
26 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
27 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
28 */
29
30 #include <pthread.h>
31 #include <assert.h>
32 #include <poll.h>
33 #include <stdbool.h>
34 #include <urcu/compiler.h>
35 #include <urcu/uatomic.h>
36
37 #ifdef __cplusplus
38 extern "C" {
39 #endif
40
41 /*
42 * Concurrent queue with wait-free enqueue/blocking dequeue.
43 *
44 * This queue has been designed and implemented collaboratively by
45 * Mathieu Desnoyers and Lai Jiangshan. Inspired from
46 * half-wait-free/half-blocking queue implementation done by Paul E.
47 * McKenney.
48 *
49 * Mutual exclusion of cds_wfcq_* / __cds_wfcq_* API
50 *
51 * Synchronization table:
52 *
53 * External synchronization techniques described in the API below is
54 * required between pairs marked with "X". No external synchronization
55 * required between pairs marked with "-".
56 *
57 * Legend:
58 * [1] cds_wfcq_enqueue
59 * [2] __cds_wfcq_splice (destination queue)
60 * [3] __cds_wfcq_dequeue
61 * [4] __cds_wfcq_splice (source queue)
62 * [5] __cds_wfcq_first
63 * [6] __cds_wfcq_next
64 *
65 * [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
66 * [1] - - - - - -
67 * [2] - - - - - -
68 * [3] - - X X X X
69 * [4] - - X - X X
70 * [5] - - X X - -
71 * [6] - - X X - -
72 *
73 * Mutual exclusion can be ensured by holding cds_wfcq_dequeue_lock().
74 *
75 * For convenience, cds_wfcq_dequeue_blocking() and
76 * cds_wfcq_splice_blocking() hold the dequeue lock.
77 *
78 * Besides locking, mutual exclusion of dequeue, splice and iteration
79 * can be ensured by performing all of those operations from a single
80 * thread, without requiring any lock.
81 */
82
83 #define WFCQ_ADAPT_ATTEMPTS 10 /* Retry if being set */
84 #define WFCQ_WAIT 10 /* Wait 10 ms if being set */
85
86 /*
87 * cds_wfcq_node_init: initialize wait-free queue node.
88 */
89 static inline void _cds_wfcq_node_init(struct cds_wfcq_node *node)
90 {
91 node->next = NULL;
92 }
93
94 /*
95 * cds_wfcq_init: initialize wait-free queue (with lock). Pair with
96 * cds_wfcq_destroy().
97 */
98 static inline void _cds_wfcq_init(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
99 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail)
100 {
101 int ret;
102
103 /* Set queue head and tail */
104 _cds_wfcq_node_init(&head->node);
105 tail->p = &head->node;
106 ret = pthread_mutex_init(&head->lock, NULL);
107 assert(!ret);
108 }
109
110 /*
111 * cds_wfcq_destroy: destroy wait-free queue (with lock). Pair with
112 * cds_wfcq_init().
113 */
114 static inline void _cds_wfcq_destroy(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
115 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail)
116 {
117 int ret = pthread_mutex_destroy(&head->lock);
118 assert(!ret);
119 }
120
121 /*
122 * cds_wfcq_empty: return whether wait-free queue is empty.
123 *
124 * No memory barrier is issued. No mutual exclusion is required.
125 *
126 * We perform the test on head->node.next to check if the queue is
127 * possibly empty, but we confirm this by checking if the tail pointer
128 * points to the head node because the tail pointer is the linearisation
129 * point of the enqueuers. Just checking the head next pointer could
130 * make a queue appear empty if an enqueuer is preempted for a long time
131 * between xchg() and setting the previous node's next pointer.
132 */
133 static inline bool _cds_wfcq_empty(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
134 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail)
135 {
136 /*
137 * Queue is empty if no node is pointed by head->node.next nor
138 * tail->p. Even though the tail->p check is sufficient to find
139 * out of the queue is empty, we first check head->node.next as a
140 * common case to ensure that dequeuers do not frequently access
141 * enqueuer's tail->p cache line.
142 */
143 return CMM_LOAD_SHARED(head->node.next) == NULL
144 && CMM_LOAD_SHARED(tail->p) == &head->node;
145 }
146
147 static inline void _cds_wfcq_dequeue_lock(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
148 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail)
149 {
150 int ret;
151
152 ret = pthread_mutex_lock(&head->lock);
153 assert(!ret);
154 }
155
156 static inline void _cds_wfcq_dequeue_unlock(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
157 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail)
158 {
159 int ret;
160
161 ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(&head->lock);
162 assert(!ret);
163 }
164
165 static inline bool ___cds_wfcq_append(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
166 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail,
167 struct cds_wfcq_node *new_head,
168 struct cds_wfcq_node *new_tail)
169 {
170 struct cds_wfcq_node *old_tail;
171
172 /*
173 * Implicit memory barrier before uatomic_xchg() orders earlier
174 * stores to data structure containing node and setting
175 * node->next to NULL before publication.
176 */
177 old_tail = uatomic_xchg(&tail->p, new_tail);
178
179 /*
180 * Implicit memory barrier after uatomic_xchg() orders store to
181 * q->tail before store to old_tail->next.
182 *
183 * At this point, dequeuers see a NULL tail->p->next, which
184 * indicates that the queue is being appended to. The following
185 * store will append "node" to the queue from a dequeuer
186 * perspective.
187 */
188 CMM_STORE_SHARED(old_tail->next, new_head);
189 /*
190 * Return false if queue was empty prior to adding the node,
191 * else return true.
192 */
193 return old_tail != &head->node;
194 }
195
196 /*
197 * cds_wfcq_enqueue: enqueue a node into a wait-free queue.
198 *
199 * Issues a full memory barrier before enqueue. No mutual exclusion is
200 * required.
201 *
202 * Returns false if the queue was empty prior to adding the node.
203 * Returns true otherwise.
204 */
205 static inline bool _cds_wfcq_enqueue(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
206 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail,
207 struct cds_wfcq_node *new_tail)
208 {
209 return ___cds_wfcq_append(head, tail, new_tail, new_tail);
210 }
211
212 /*
213 * ___cds_wfcq_busy_wait: adaptative busy-wait.
214 *
215 * Returns 1 if nonblocking and needs to block, 0 otherwise.
216 */
217 static inline bool
218 ___cds_wfcq_busy_wait(int *attempt, int blocking)
219 {
220 if (!blocking)
221 return 1;
222 if (++(*attempt) >= WFCQ_ADAPT_ATTEMPTS) {
223 poll(NULL, 0, WFCQ_WAIT); /* Wait for 10ms */
224 *attempt = 0;
225 } else {
226 caa_cpu_relax();
227 }
228 return 0;
229 }
230
231 /*
232 * Waiting for enqueuer to complete enqueue and return the next node.
233 */
234 static inline struct cds_wfcq_node *
235 ___cds_wfcq_node_sync_next(struct cds_wfcq_node *node, int blocking)
236 {
237 struct cds_wfcq_node *next;
238 int attempt = 0;
239
240 /*
241 * Adaptative busy-looping waiting for enqueuer to complete enqueue.
242 */
243 while ((next = CMM_LOAD_SHARED(node->next)) == NULL) {
244 if (___cds_wfcq_busy_wait(&attempt, blocking))
245 return CDS_WFCQ_WOULDBLOCK;
246 }
247
248 return next;
249 }
250
251 static inline struct cds_wfcq_node *
252 ___cds_wfcq_first(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
253 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail,
254 int blocking)
255 {
256 struct cds_wfcq_node *node;
257
258 if (_cds_wfcq_empty(head, tail))
259 return NULL;
260 node = ___cds_wfcq_node_sync_next(&head->node, blocking);
261 /* Load head->node.next before loading node's content */
262 cmm_smp_read_barrier_depends();
263 return node;
264 }
265
266 /*
267 * __cds_wfcq_first_blocking: get first node of a queue, without dequeuing.
268 *
269 * Content written into the node before enqueue is guaranteed to be
270 * consistent, but no other memory ordering is ensured.
271 * Dequeue/splice/iteration mutual exclusion should be ensured by the
272 * caller.
273 *
274 * Used by for-like iteration macros in urcu/wfqueue.h:
275 * __cds_wfcq_for_each_blocking()
276 * __cds_wfcq_for_each_blocking_safe()
277 *
278 * Returns NULL if queue is empty, first node otherwise.
279 */
280 static inline struct cds_wfcq_node *
281 ___cds_wfcq_first_blocking(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
282 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail)
283 {
284 return ___cds_wfcq_first(head, tail, 1);
285 }
286
287
288 /*
289 * __cds_wfcq_first_nonblocking: get first node of a queue, without dequeuing.
290 *
291 * Same as __cds_wfcq_first_blocking, but returns CDS_WFCQ_WOULDBLOCK if
292 * it needs to block.
293 */
294 static inline struct cds_wfcq_node *
295 ___cds_wfcq_first_nonblocking(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
296 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail)
297 {
298 return ___cds_wfcq_first(head, tail, 0);
299 }
300
301 static inline struct cds_wfcq_node *
302 ___cds_wfcq_next(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
303 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail,
304 struct cds_wfcq_node *node,
305 int blocking)
306 {
307 struct cds_wfcq_node *next;
308
309 /*
310 * Even though the following tail->p check is sufficient to find
311 * out if we reached the end of the queue, we first check
312 * node->next as a common case to ensure that iteration on nodes
313 * do not frequently access enqueuer's tail->p cache line.
314 */
315 if ((next = CMM_LOAD_SHARED(node->next)) == NULL) {
316 /* Load node->next before tail->p */
317 cmm_smp_rmb();
318 if (CMM_LOAD_SHARED(tail->p) == node)
319 return NULL;
320 next = ___cds_wfcq_node_sync_next(node, blocking);
321 }
322 /* Load node->next before loading next's content */
323 cmm_smp_read_barrier_depends();
324 return next;
325 }
326
327 /*
328 * __cds_wfcq_next_blocking: get next node of a queue, without dequeuing.
329 *
330 * Content written into the node before enqueue is guaranteed to be
331 * consistent, but no other memory ordering is ensured.
332 * Dequeue/splice/iteration mutual exclusion should be ensured by the
333 * caller.
334 *
335 * Used by for-like iteration macros in urcu/wfqueue.h:
336 * __cds_wfcq_for_each_blocking()
337 * __cds_wfcq_for_each_blocking_safe()
338 *
339 * Returns NULL if reached end of queue, non-NULL next queue node
340 * otherwise.
341 */
342 static inline struct cds_wfcq_node *
343 ___cds_wfcq_next_blocking(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
344 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail,
345 struct cds_wfcq_node *node)
346 {
347 return ___cds_wfcq_next(head, tail, node, 1);
348 }
349
350 /*
351 * __cds_wfcq_next_blocking: get next node of a queue, without dequeuing.
352 *
353 * Same as __cds_wfcq_next_blocking, but returns CDS_WFCQ_WOULDBLOCK if
354 * it needs to block.
355 */
356 static inline struct cds_wfcq_node *
357 ___cds_wfcq_next_nonblocking(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
358 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail,
359 struct cds_wfcq_node *node)
360 {
361 return ___cds_wfcq_next(head, tail, node, 0);
362 }
363
364 static inline struct cds_wfcq_node *
365 ___cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
366 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail,
367 int *state,
368 int blocking)
369 {
370 struct cds_wfcq_node *node, *next;
371
372 if (state)
373 *state = 0;
374
375 if (_cds_wfcq_empty(head, tail)) {
376 return NULL;
377 }
378
379 node = ___cds_wfcq_node_sync_next(&head->node, blocking);
380 if (!blocking && node == CDS_WFCQ_WOULDBLOCK) {
381 return CDS_WFCQ_WOULDBLOCK;
382 }
383
384 if ((next = CMM_LOAD_SHARED(node->next)) == NULL) {
385 /*
386 * @node is probably the only node in the queue.
387 * Try to move the tail to &q->head.
388 * q->head.next is set to NULL here, and stays
389 * NULL if the cmpxchg succeeds. Should the
390 * cmpxchg fail due to a concurrent enqueue, the
391 * q->head.next will be set to the next node.
392 * The implicit memory barrier before
393 * uatomic_cmpxchg() orders load node->next
394 * before loading q->tail.
395 * The implicit memory barrier before uatomic_cmpxchg
396 * orders load q->head.next before loading node's
397 * content.
398 */
399 _cds_wfcq_node_init(&head->node);
400 if (uatomic_cmpxchg(&tail->p, node, &head->node) == node) {
401 if (state)
402 *state |= CDS_WFCQ_STATE_LAST;
403 return node;
404 }
405 next = ___cds_wfcq_node_sync_next(node, blocking);
406 /*
407 * In nonblocking mode, if we would need to block to
408 * get node's next, set the head next node pointer
409 * (currently NULL) back to its original value.
410 */
411 if (!blocking && next == CDS_WFCQ_WOULDBLOCK) {
412 head->node.next = node;
413 return CDS_WFCQ_WOULDBLOCK;
414 }
415 }
416
417 /*
418 * Move queue head forward.
419 */
420 head->node.next = next;
421
422 /* Load q->head.next before loading node's content */
423 cmm_smp_read_barrier_depends();
424 return node;
425 }
426
427 /*
428 * __cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state_blocking: dequeue node from queue, with state.
429 *
430 * Content written into the node before enqueue is guaranteed to be
431 * consistent, but no other memory ordering is ensured.
432 * It is valid to reuse and free a dequeued node immediately.
433 * Dequeue/splice/iteration mutual exclusion should be ensured by the
434 * caller.
435 */
436 static inline struct cds_wfcq_node *
437 ___cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state_blocking(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
438 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail, int *state)
439 {
440 return ___cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state(head, tail, state, 1);
441 }
442
443 /*
444 * ___cds_wfcq_dequeue_blocking: dequeue node from queue.
445 *
446 * Same as __cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state_blocking, but without saving
447 * state.
448 */
449 static inline struct cds_wfcq_node *
450 ___cds_wfcq_dequeue_blocking(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
451 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail)
452 {
453 return ___cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state_blocking(head, tail, NULL);
454 }
455
456 /*
457 * __cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state_nonblocking: dequeue node, with state.
458 *
459 * Same as __cds_wfcq_dequeue_blocking, but returns CDS_WFCQ_WOULDBLOCK
460 * if it needs to block.
461 */
462 static inline struct cds_wfcq_node *
463 ___cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state_nonblocking(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
464 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail, int *state)
465 {
466 return ___cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state(head, tail, state, 0);
467 }
468
469 /*
470 * ___cds_wfcq_dequeue_nonblocking: dequeue node from queue.
471 *
472 * Same as __cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state_nonblocking, but without saving
473 * state.
474 */
475 static inline struct cds_wfcq_node *
476 ___cds_wfcq_dequeue_nonblocking(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
477 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail)
478 {
479 return ___cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state_nonblocking(head, tail, NULL);
480 }
481
482 /*
483 * __cds_wfcq_splice: enqueue all src_q nodes at the end of dest_q.
484 *
485 * Dequeue all nodes from src_q.
486 * dest_q must be already initialized.
487 * Mutual exclusion for src_q should be ensured by the caller as
488 * specified in the "Synchronisation table".
489 * Returns enum cds_wfcq_ret which indicates the state of the src or
490 * dest queue.
491 */
492 static inline enum cds_wfcq_ret
493 ___cds_wfcq_splice(
494 struct cds_wfcq_head *dest_q_head,
495 struct cds_wfcq_tail *dest_q_tail,
496 struct cds_wfcq_head *src_q_head,
497 struct cds_wfcq_tail *src_q_tail,
498 int blocking)
499 {
500 struct cds_wfcq_node *head, *tail;
501 int attempt = 0;
502
503 /*
504 * Initial emptiness check to speed up cases where queue is
505 * empty: only require loads to check if queue is empty.
506 */
507 if (_cds_wfcq_empty(src_q_head, src_q_tail))
508 return CDS_WFCQ_RET_SRC_EMPTY;
509
510 for (;;) {
511 /*
512 * Open-coded _cds_wfcq_empty() by testing result of
513 * uatomic_xchg, as well as tail pointer vs head node
514 * address.
515 */
516 head = uatomic_xchg(&src_q_head->node.next, NULL);
517 if (head)
518 break; /* non-empty */
519 if (CMM_LOAD_SHARED(src_q_tail->p) == &src_q_head->node)
520 return CDS_WFCQ_RET_SRC_EMPTY;
521 if (___cds_wfcq_busy_wait(&attempt, blocking))
522 return CDS_WFCQ_RET_WOULDBLOCK;
523 }
524
525 /*
526 * Memory barrier implied before uatomic_xchg() orders store to
527 * src_q->head before store to src_q->tail. This is required by
528 * concurrent enqueue on src_q, which exchanges the tail before
529 * updating the previous tail's next pointer.
530 */
531 tail = uatomic_xchg(&src_q_tail->p, &src_q_head->node);
532
533 /*
534 * Append the spliced content of src_q into dest_q. Does not
535 * require mutual exclusion on dest_q (wait-free).
536 */
537 if (___cds_wfcq_append(dest_q_head, dest_q_tail, head, tail))
538 return CDS_WFCQ_RET_DEST_NON_EMPTY;
539 else
540 return CDS_WFCQ_RET_DEST_EMPTY;
541 }
542
543 /*
544 * __cds_wfcq_splice_blocking: enqueue all src_q nodes at the end of dest_q.
545 *
546 * Dequeue all nodes from src_q.
547 * dest_q must be already initialized.
548 * Mutual exclusion for src_q should be ensured by the caller as
549 * specified in the "Synchronisation table".
550 * Returns enum cds_wfcq_ret which indicates the state of the src or
551 * dest queue. Never returns CDS_WFCQ_RET_WOULDBLOCK.
552 */
553 static inline enum cds_wfcq_ret
554 ___cds_wfcq_splice_blocking(
555 struct cds_wfcq_head *dest_q_head,
556 struct cds_wfcq_tail *dest_q_tail,
557 struct cds_wfcq_head *src_q_head,
558 struct cds_wfcq_tail *src_q_tail)
559 {
560 return ___cds_wfcq_splice(dest_q_head, dest_q_tail,
561 src_q_head, src_q_tail, 1);
562 }
563
564 /*
565 * __cds_wfcq_splice_nonblocking: enqueue all src_q nodes at the end of dest_q.
566 *
567 * Same as __cds_wfcq_splice_blocking, but returns
568 * CDS_WFCQ_RET_WOULDBLOCK if it needs to block.
569 */
570 static inline enum cds_wfcq_ret
571 ___cds_wfcq_splice_nonblocking(
572 struct cds_wfcq_head *dest_q_head,
573 struct cds_wfcq_tail *dest_q_tail,
574 struct cds_wfcq_head *src_q_head,
575 struct cds_wfcq_tail *src_q_tail)
576 {
577 return ___cds_wfcq_splice(dest_q_head, dest_q_tail,
578 src_q_head, src_q_tail, 0);
579 }
580
581 /*
582 * cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state_blocking: dequeue a node from a wait-free queue.
583 *
584 * Content written into the node before enqueue is guaranteed to be
585 * consistent, but no other memory ordering is ensured.
586 * Mutual exclusion with cds_wfcq_splice_blocking and dequeue lock is
587 * ensured.
588 * It is valid to reuse and free a dequeued node immediately.
589 */
590 static inline struct cds_wfcq_node *
591 _cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state_blocking(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
592 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail, int *state)
593 {
594 struct cds_wfcq_node *retval;
595
596 _cds_wfcq_dequeue_lock(head, tail);
597 retval = ___cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state_blocking(head, tail, state);
598 _cds_wfcq_dequeue_unlock(head, tail);
599 return retval;
600 }
601
602 /*
603 * cds_wfcq_dequeue_blocking: dequeue node from queue.
604 *
605 * Same as cds_wfcq_dequeue_blocking, but without saving state.
606 */
607 static inline struct cds_wfcq_node *
608 _cds_wfcq_dequeue_blocking(struct cds_wfcq_head *head,
609 struct cds_wfcq_tail *tail)
610 {
611 return _cds_wfcq_dequeue_with_state_blocking(head, tail, NULL);
612 }
613
614 /*
615 * cds_wfcq_splice_blocking: enqueue all src_q nodes at the end of dest_q.
616 *
617 * Dequeue all nodes from src_q.
618 * dest_q must be already initialized.
619 * Content written into the node before enqueue is guaranteed to be
620 * consistent, but no other memory ordering is ensured.
621 * Mutual exclusion with cds_wfcq_dequeue_blocking and dequeue lock is
622 * ensured.
623 * Returns enum cds_wfcq_ret which indicates the state of the src or
624 * dest queue. Never returns CDS_WFCQ_RET_WOULDBLOCK.
625 */
626 static inline enum cds_wfcq_ret
627 _cds_wfcq_splice_blocking(
628 struct cds_wfcq_head *dest_q_head,
629 struct cds_wfcq_tail *dest_q_tail,
630 struct cds_wfcq_head *src_q_head,
631 struct cds_wfcq_tail *src_q_tail)
632 {
633 enum cds_wfcq_ret ret;
634
635 _cds_wfcq_dequeue_lock(src_q_head, src_q_tail);
636 ret = ___cds_wfcq_splice_blocking(dest_q_head, dest_q_tail,
637 src_q_head, src_q_tail);
638 _cds_wfcq_dequeue_unlock(src_q_head, src_q_tail);
639 return ret;
640 }
641
642 #ifdef __cplusplus
643 }
644 #endif
645
646 #endif /* _URCU_WFCQUEUE_STATIC_H */
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