update features
[lttv.git] / trunk / lttv / QUICKSTART.html
1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
2 <html>
3 <head>
4 <title>Linux Trace Toolkit Next Generation User Documentation</title>
5 </head>
6 <body>
7
8 <h1>Linux Trace Toolkit Next Generation User Documentation</h1>
9
10 Author : Mathieu Desnoyers, September 2005<br>
11 Last update : January 21st, 2009<br>
12 (originally known as the LTTng QUICKSTART guide)
13
14 <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
15
16 <ul>
17 <li><a href="#intro" name="TOCintro">Introduction</a></li>
18 <ul>
19 <li><a href="#arch" name="TOCarch">Supported architectures</a></li>
20 </ul>
21
22 <li><a href="#section1" name="TOCsection1">Installing LTTng and LTTV from
23 sources</a></li>
24 <ul>
25 <li><a href="#prerequisites" name="TOCprerequisites">Prerequisistes</li>
26 <li><a href="#getlttng" name="TOCgetlttng">Getting the LTTng packages</li>
27 <li><a href="#getlttngsrc" name="TOCgetlttngsrc">Getting the LTTng kernel sources</li>
28 <li><a href="#installlttng" name="TOCinstalllttng">Installing a LTTng kernel</li>
29 <li><a href="#editconfig" name="TOCeditconfig">Editing the system wide
30 configuration</a>
31 <li><a href="#getlttctl" name="TOCgetlttctl">Getting and installing the
32 ltt-control package</li>
33 <li><a href="#userspacetracing" name="TOCuserspacetracing">Userspace Tracing</li>
34 <li><a href="#getlttv" name="TOCgetlttv">Getting and installing the LTTV package</ul>
35
36 <li><a href="#section2" name="TOCsection2">Using LTTng and LTTV</a></li>
37 <ul>
38 <li><a href="#uselttvgui" name="TOCuselttvgui">Use graphical LTTV to control
39 tracing and analyse traces</a></li>
40 <li><a href="#uselttngtext" name="TOCuselttngtext">Use text mode LTTng to
41 control tracing</a></li>
42 <li><a href="#uselttvtext" name="TOCuselttvtext">Use text mode LTTV</a></li>
43 <li><a href="#hybrid" name="TOChybrid">Tracing in "Hybrid" mode</a></li>
44 <li><a href="#flight" name="TOCflight">Tracing in flight recorder mode</a></li>
45 </ul>
46
47 <li><a href="#section3" name="TOCsection3">Adding kernel and user-space
48 instrumentation</a>
49 <ul>
50 <li><a href="#kerneltp" name="TOCkerneltp">Adding kernel instrumentation</a></li>
51 <li><a href="#usertp" name="TOCusertp">Adding userspace instrumentation</a></li>
52 </ul>
53
54 <li><a href="#section4" name="TOCsection4">Creating Debian and RPM packages
55 from LTTV</a></li>
56 <ul>
57 <li><a href="#pkgdebian" name="TOCpkgdebian">Create custom LTTV Debian
58 <li><a href="#pkglttng" name="TOCpkglttng">Create custom LTTng packages</a></li>
59 </ul>
60
61 <li><a href="#section5" name="TOCsection5">Examples of LTTng use in the
62 field</a></li>
63
64 </ul>
65
66 <hr />
67
68 <h2><a href="#TOCintro" name="intro">Introduction</a></h2>
69 <p>
70 This document is made of five parts : the first one explains how
71 to install LTTng and LTTV from sources, the second one describes the steps
72 to follow to trace a system and view it. The third part explains
73 briefly how to add a new trace point to the kernel and to user space
74 applications. The fourth part explains how to create Debian or RPM
75 packages from the LTTng and LTTV sources. The fifth and last part describes use
76 of LTTng in the field.
77 <p>
78 These operations are made for installing the LTTng 0.86 tracer on a linux 2.6.X
79 kernel. You will also find instructions for installation of LTTV 0.12.x : the
80 Linux Trace Toolkit Viewer.
81 To see the list of compatibilities between LTTng, ltt-control, LTTV, please
82 refer to :
83 <a
84 href="http://ltt.polymtl.ca/svn/trunk/lttv/doc/developer/lttng-lttv-compatibility.html">LTTng+LTTV versions compatibility</a>
85 The lttng patch is necessary to have the tracing hooks in the kernel.
86
87 <br>
88 <br>
89 <h3><a href="#TOCarch" name="arch">Supported architectures</a></h3>
90 <br>
91 LTTng :<br>
92 <br>
93 <li> x86 32/64 bits
94 <li> PowerPC 32 and 64 bits
95 <li> ARM (with limited timestamping precision, e.g. 1HZ. Need
96 architecture-specific support for better precision)
97 <li> MIPS
98 <br>
99 <br>
100 LTTV :<br>
101 <br>
102 <li> Intel 32/64 bits
103 <li> PowerPC 32 and 64 bits
104 <li> Possibly others. Takes care of endianness and type size difference between
105 the LTTng traces and the LTTV analysis tool.
106
107 <hr />
108
109
110 <h2><a href="#TOCsection1" name="section1">Installation from sources</a></h2>
111 <p>
112
113 <h3><a href="#TOCprerequisites" name="prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></h3>
114 <ul>
115 <p>
116 Tools needed to follow the package download steps :
117
118 <li>wget
119 <li>bzip2
120 <li>gzip
121 <li>tar
122
123 <p>
124 You have to install the standard development libraries and programs necessary
125 to compile a kernel :
126
127 <PRE>
128 (from Documentation/Changes in the Linux kernel tree)
129 Gnu C 2.95.3 # gcc --version
130 Gnu make 3.79.1 # make --version
131 binutils 2.12 # ld -v
132 util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
133 module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
134 </PRE>
135
136 <p>
137 You might also want to have libncurses5 to have the text mode kernel
138 configuration menu, but there are alternatives.
139
140 <p>
141 Prerequisites for LTTV 0.x.x installation are :
142
143 <PRE>
144 gcc 3.2 or better
145 gtk 2.4 or better development libraries
146 (Debian : libgtk2.0, libgtk2.0-dev)
147 (Fedora : gtk2, gtk2-devel)
148 note : For Fedora users : this might require at least core 3 from Fedora,
149 or you might have to compile your own GTK2 library.
150 glib 2.4 or better development libraries
151 (Debian : libglib2.0-0, libglib2.0-dev)
152 (Fedora : glib2, glib2-devel)
153 libpopt development libraries
154 (Debian : libpopt0, libpopt-dev)
155 (Fedora : popt)
156 libpango development libraries
157 (Debian : libpango1.0, libpango1.0-dev)
158 (Fedora : pango, pango-devel)
159 libc6 development librairies
160 (Debian : libc6, libc6-dev)
161 (Fedora : glibc, glibc)
162 </PRE>
163 </ul>
164
165 <li>Reminder</li>
166
167 <p>
168 See the list of compatibilities between LTTng, ltt-control and LTTV at :
169 <a
170 href="http://ltt.polymtl.ca/svn/trunk/lttv/doc/developer/lttng-lttv-compatibility.html">LTTng+LTTV
171 versions compatibility</a>.
172
173
174 <h3><a href="#TOCgetlttng" name="getlttng">Getting the LTTng packages</a></h3>
175
176 <PRE>
177 su -
178 mkdir /usr/src/lttng
179 cd /usr/src/lttng
180 (see http://ltt.polymtl.ca/lttng for package listing)
181 wget http://ltt.polymtl.ca/lttng/patch-2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx.tar.bz2
182 bzip2 -cd patch-2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx.tar.bz2 | tar xvof -
183 </PRE>
184
185
186 <h3><a href="#TOCgetlttngsrc" name="getlttngsrc">Getting LTTng kernel sources</a></h3>
187
188 <PRE>
189 su -
190 cd /usr/src
191 wget http://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.X.tar.bz2
192 bzip2 -cd linux-2.6.X.tar.bz2 | tar xvof -
193 cd linux-2.6.X
194 - For LTTng 0.9.4- cat /usr/src/lttng/patch*-2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx* | patch -p1
195 - For LTTng 0.9.5+ apply the patches in the order specified in the series file,
196 or use quilt
197 cd ..
198 mv linux-2.6.X linux-2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx
199 </PRE>
200
201
202 <h3><a href="#TOCinstalllttng" name="installlttng">Installing a LTTng kernel</a></h3>
203
204 <PRE>
205 su -
206 cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx
207 make menuconfig (or make xconfig or make config)
208 Select the < Help > button if you are not familiar with kernel
209 configuration.
210 Items preceded by [*] means they has to be built into the kernel.
211 Items preceded by [M] means they has to be built as modules.
212 Items preceded by [ ] means they should be removed.
213 go to the "General setup" section
214 Select the following options :
215 [*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers
216 [*] Activate markers
217 [*] Activate userspace markers ABI (experimental, optional)
218 [*] Immediate value optimization (optional)
219 [*] Linux Trace Toolkit Next Generation (LTTng) --->
220 <M> or <*> Compile lttng tracing probes
221 <M> or <*> Linux Trace Toolkit High-speed Lockless Data Relay
222 <M> or <*> Linux Trace Toolkit Lock-Protected Data Relay
223 <M> or <*> Linux Trace Toolkit Serializer
224 <M> or <*> Linux Trace Toolkit Marker Control
225 <M> or <*> Linux Trace Toolkit Tracer
226 [*] Align Linux Trace Toolkit Traces
227 <M> or <*> Support logging events from userspace
228 [*] Support trace extraction from crash dump
229 <M> or <*> Linux Trace Toolkit Trace Controller
230 <M> or <*> Linux Trace Toolkit State Dump
231 Select <Exit>
232 Select <Exit>
233 Select <Yes>
234 make
235 make modules_install
236 (if necessary, create a initrd with mkinitrd or your preferate alternative)
237 (mkinitrd -o /boot/initrd.img-2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx 2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx)
238
239 -- on X86, X86_64
240 make install
241 reboot
242 Select the Linux 2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx kernel in your boot loader.
243
244 -- on PowerPC
245 cp vmlinux.strip /boot/vmlinux-2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx
246 cp System.map /boot/System.map-2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx
247 cp .config /boot/config-2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx
248 depmod -ae -F /boot/System.map-2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx 2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx
249 mkinitrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx 2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx
250 (edit /etc/yaboot.conf to add a new entry pointing to your kernel : the entry
251 that comes first is the default kernel)
252 ybin
253 select the right entry at the yaboot prompt (see choices : tab, select : type
254 the kernel name followed by enter)
255 Select the Linux 2.6.X-lttng-0.x.xx kernel in your boot loader.
256 --
257 </PRE>
258
259 <h3><a href="#TOCeditconfig" name="editconfig">Editing the system wide
260 configuration</a></h3>
261
262 <p>
263 You must activate debugfs and specify a mount point. This is typically done in
264 fstab such that it happens at boot time. If you have never used DebugFS before,
265 these operation would do this for you :
266
267 <PRE>
268 mkdir /mnt/debugfs
269 cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.lttng.bkp
270 echo "debugfs /mnt/debugfs debugfs rw 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
271 </PRE>
272
273 <p>
274 then, rebooting or issuing the following command will activate debugfs :
275 <PRE>
276 mount /mnt/debugfs
277 </PRE>
278
279 <p>
280 You need to load the LTT modules to be able to control tracing from user
281 space. This is done by issuing the following commands. Note however
282 these commands load all LTT modules. Depending on what options you chose to
283 compile statically, you may not need to issue all these commands.
284
285 <PRE>
286 modprobe ltt-trace-control
287 modprobe ltt-marker-control
288 modprobe ltt-tracer
289 modprobe ltt-serialize
290 modprobe ltt-relay
291 modprobe ipc-trace
292 modprobe kernel-trace
293 modprobe mm-trace
294 modprobe net-trace
295 modprobe fs-trace
296 modprobe jbd2-trace
297 modprobe ext4-trace
298 modprobe syscall-trace
299 modprobe trap-trace
300 #if locking tracing is wanted, uncomment the following
301 #modprobe lockdep-trace
302 </PRE>
303
304 <p>
305 If you want to have complete information about the kernel state (including all
306 the process names), you need to load the ltt-statedump module. This is done by
307 issuing the command :
308
309 <PRE>
310 modprobe ltt-statedump
311 </PRE>
312 <p>
313 You can automate at boot time loading the ltt-control module by :
314
315 <PRE>
316 cp /etc/modules /etc/modules.bkp
317 echo ltt-trace-control >> /etc/modules
318 echo ltt-marker-control >> /etc/modules
319 echo ltt-tracer >> /etc/modules
320 echo ltt-serialize >> /etc/modules
321 echo ltt-relay >> /etc/modules
322 echo ipc-trace >> /etc/modules
323 echo kernel-trace >> /etc/modules
324 echo mm-trace >> /etc/modules
325 echo net-trace >> /etc/modules
326 echo fs-trace >> /etc/modules
327 echo jbd2-trace >> /etc/modules
328 echo ext4-trace >> /etc/modules
329 echo syscall-trace >> /etc/modules
330 echo trap-trace >> /etc/modules
331 #if locking tracing is wanted, uncomment the following
332 #echo lockdep-trace >> /etc/modules
333 </PRE>
334
335
336 <h3><a href="#TOCgetlttctl" name="getlttctl">Getting and installing the
337 ltt-control package (on the traced machine)</a></h3>
338 <p>
339 (note : the ltt-control package contains lttd and lttctl. Although it has the
340 same name as the ltt-control kernel module, they are *not* the same thing.)
341
342 <PRE>
343 su -
344 cd /usr/src
345 wget http://ltt.polymtl.ca/lttng/ltt-control-0.x-xxxx2006.tar.gz
346 gzip -cd ltt-control-0.x-xxxx2008.tar.gz | tar xvof -
347 cd ltt-control-0.x-xxxx2006
348 (refer to README to see the development libraries that must be installed on you
349 system)
350 ./configure
351 make
352 make install
353 </PRE>
354
355 <h3><a href="#TOCuserspacetracing" name="userspacetracing">Userspace tracing</a></h3>
356
357 <PRE>
358 Make sure you selected the kernel menuconfig option :
359 <M> or <*> Support logging events from userspace
360 And that the ltt-userspace-event kernel module is loaded if selected as a
361 module.
362
363 Simple userspace tracing is available through
364 echo "some text to record" > /mnt/debugfs/ltt/write_event
365
366 It will appear in the trace under event :
367 channel : userspace
368 event name : event
369 </PRE>
370
371 <h3><a href="#TOCgetlttv" name="getlttv">Getting and installing the LTTV package
372 (on the visualisation machine, same
373 or different from the visualisation machine)</a></h3>
374
375 <PRE>
376 su -
377 cd /usr/src
378 wget http://ltt.polymtl.ca/packages/lttv-0.x.xx-xxxx2008.tar.gz
379 gzip -cd lttv-0.x.xx-xxxx2008.tar.gz | tar xvof -
380 cd lttv-0.x.xx-xxxx2008
381 (refer to README to see the development libraries that must be installed on your
382 system)
383 ./configure
384 make
385 make install
386 </PRE>
387
388 <hr />
389
390
391 <h2><a href="#TOCsection2" name="section2">Using LTTng and LTTV</a></h2>
392
393 <li><b>IMPORTANT : Arm Linux Kernel Markers after each boot before tracing</b></li>
394 <PRE>
395 ltt-armall
396 </PRE>
397
398 <h3><a href="#TOCuselttvgui" name="uselttvgui">Use graphical LTTV to control
399 tracing and analyse traces</a></h3>
400 <PRE>
401 lttv-gui (or /usr/local/bin/lttv-gui)
402 - Spot the "Tracing Control" icon : click on it
403 (it's a traffic light icon)
404 - enter the root password
405 - click "start"
406 - click "stop"
407 - Yes
408 * You should now see a trace
409 </PRE>
410
411 <h3><a href="#TOCuselttngtext" name="uselttngtext">Use text mode LTTng to control tracing</a></h3>
412 <PRE>
413 The tracing can be controlled from a terminal by using the lttctl command (as
414 root).
415
416 Start tracing :
417
418 lttctl -C -w /tmp/trace1 trace1
419
420 Stop tracing and destroy trace channels :
421
422 lttctl -D trace1
423
424 see lttctl --help for details.
425 </PRE>
426 <p>
427 (note : to see if the buffers has been filled, look at the dmesg output after
428 lttctl -R or after stopping tracing from the GUI, it will show an event lost
429 count. If it is the case, try using larger buffers. See lttctl --help to learn
430 how. lttv now also shows event lost messages in the console when loading a trace
431 with missing events or lost subbuffers.)
432
433 <h3><a href="#TOCuselttvtext" name="uselttvtext">Use text mode LTTV</a></h3>
434 <p>
435 Feel free to look in /usr/local/lib/lttv/plugins to see all the text and
436 graphical plugins available.
437 <p>
438 For example, a simple trace dump in text format is available with :
439 <PRE>
440 lttv -m textDump -t /tmp/trace
441 </PRE>
442 <p>
443 See lttv -m textDump --help for detailed command line options of textDump.
444 <p>
445 It is, in the current state of the project, very useful to use "grep" on the
446 text output to filter by specific event fields. You can later copy the timestamp
447 of the events to the clipboard and paste them in the GUI by clicking on the
448 bottom right label "Current time". Support for this type of filtering should
449 be added to the filter module soon.
450
451 <h3><a href="#TOChybrid" name="hybrid">Tracing in "Hybrid" mode</a></h3>
452 <p>
453 Starting from LTTng 0.5.105 and ltt-control 0.20, a new mode can be used :
454 hybrid. It can be especially useful when studying big workloads on a long period
455 of time.
456 <p>
457 When using this mode, the most important, low rate control information will be
458 recorded during all the trace by lttd (i.e. process creation/exit). The high
459 rate information (i.e. interrupt/traps/syscall entry/exit) will be kept in a
460 flight recorder buffer (now named flight-channelname_X).
461 <p>
462 The following lttctl commands take an hybrid trace :
463 <p>
464 Create trace channel, start lttd on normal channels, start tracing:
465 <PRE>
466 lttctl -C -w /tmp/trace2 -o channel.kernel.overwrite=1 trace2
467 </PRE>
468 <p>
469 Stop tracing, start lttd on flight recorder channels, destroy trace channels :
470 <PRE>
471 lttctl -D -w /tmp/trace2 trace2
472 </PRE>
473 <p>
474 Each "overwrite" channel is flight recorder channel.
475
476
477 <h3><a href="#TOCflight" name="flight">Tracing in flight recorder mode</a></h3>
478 <li>Flight recorder mode</li>
479 <p>
480 The flight recorder mode writes data into overwritten buffers for all channels,
481 including control channels, except for the facilities tracefiles. It consists of
482 setting all channels to "overwrite".
483 <p>
484 The following lttctl commands take a flight recorder trace :
485 <PRE>
486 lttctl -C -w /tmp/trace3 -o channel.all.overwrite=1 trace3
487 ...
488 lttctl -D -w /tmp/trace3 trace3
489 </PRE>
490
491 <hr />
492
493
494 <h2><a href="#TOCsection3" name="section3">Adding new instrumentations with the
495 markers</a></h2>
496 <p>
497
498 <h3><a href="#TOCkerneltp" name="kerneltp">Adding kernel
499 instrumentation</a></h3>
500
501 <p>
502 See <a
503 href="http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/compudj/linux-2.6-lttng.git;a=blob;f=Documentation/markers.txt">Documentation/markers.txt</a>
504 and <a
505 href="http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/compudj/linux-2.6-lttng.git;a=blob;f=Documentation/tracepoints.txt">Documentation/tracepoints.txt</a> in your kernel
506 tree.
507 <p>
508 Also see <a
509 href="http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/compudj/linux-2.6-lttng.git;a=tree;f=ltt/probes">ltt/probes/</a>
510 for LTTng probe examples.
511
512 <h3><a href="#TOCusertp" name="usertp">Adding userspace instrumentation</a></h3>
513
514 Add new events to userspace programs with
515 <a href="http://ltt.polymtl.ca/packages/">userspace markers packages</a>.
516 Get the latest markers-userspace-*.tar.bz2 and see the Makefile and examples. It
517 allows inserting markers in executables and libraries, currently only on x86_32
518 and x86_64.
519 See <a
520 href="http://ltt.polymtl.ca/packages/markers-userspace-0.5.tar.bz2">markers-userspace-0.5.tar.bz2</a> or more recent.
521
522 <p>
523 Note that a new design document for a 3rd generation of tracepoint/marker-based
524 userspace tracing is available at <a
525 href="http://ltt.polymtl.ca/svn/trunk/lttv/doc/developer/ust.html">LTTng User-space Tracing
526 Design</a>. This new infrastructure is not yet implemented.
527
528 <p>
529 The easy quick-and-dirty way to perform userspace tracing is currently to write
530 an string to /mnt/debugfs/ltt/write_event. See <a
531 href="#userspacetracing">Userspace tracing</a> in the
532 installation for sources section of this document.
533
534 <hr />
535
536 <h2><a href="#TOCsection4" name="section4">Creating Debian or RPM packages</a></h2>
537 <p>
538
539 <h3><a href="#TOCpkgdebian" name="pkgdebian">Create custom LTTV Debian packages</a></h3>
540
541 <PRE>
542 Use : dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot
543 </PRE>
544 <p>
545 You should then have your LTTV .deb files created for your architecture.
546
547 <h3><a href="#TOCpkglttng" name="pkglttng">Create custom LTTng packages</a></h3>
548 <p>
549 For building LTTng Debian packages :
550 get the build tree with patches applies as explained in section 2.
551
552 <PRE>
553 make menuconfig (or xconfig or config) (customize your configuration)
554 make-kpkg kernel_image
555 </PRE>
556 <p>
557 You will then see your freshly created .deb in /usr/src. Install it with
558 <PRE>
559 dpkg -i /usr/src/(image-name).deb
560 </PRE>
561 <p>
562 Then, follow the section "Editing the system wide configuration" in section 2.
563
564 <hr />
565
566 <h2><a href="#TOCsection5" name="section5">Examples of LTTng use in the field</a></h2>
567 <p>
568 A few examples of successful LTTng users :
569
570 <ul>
571 <li> Google are deploying LTTng on their servers. They want to use it to
572 monitor their production servers (with flight recorder mode tracing)
573 and to help them solve hard to reproduce problems. They have had
574 success with such tracing approach to fix "rare disk delay" issues and
575 VM-related issues presented in this article :
576 <ul>
577 <li> <a href="http://ltt.polymtl.ca/papers/bligh-Reprint.pdf">Linux Kernel
578 Debugging on Google-sized clusters at Ottawa Linux
579 Symposium 2007</a>
580 </ul>
581 <li> IBM Research have had problems with Commercial Scale-out applications,
582 which are being an increasing trend to split large server workloads.
583 They used LTTng successfully to solve a distributed filesystem-related
584 issue. It's presented in the same paper above.
585
586 <li> Autodesk, in the development of their next-generation of Linux
587 audio/video edition applications, used LTTng extensively to solve
588 soft real-time issues they had. Also presented in the same paper.
589
590 <li> Wind River included LTTng in their Linux distribution so their
591 clients, already familiar to Wind River own tracing solution in
592 VxWorks, car have the same kind of feature they have relied on for a
593 long time.
594
595 <li> Montavista have integrated LTTng in their distribution for the same
596 reasons. It's used by Sony amongst others.
597
598 <li> SuSE are currently integrating LTTng in their next SLES distribution,
599 because their clients asking for solutions which supports a kernel
600 closer to real-time need such tools to debug their problems.
601
602 <li> A project between Ericsson, the Canadian Defense, NSERC and various
603 universities is just starting. It aims at monitoring and debugging
604 multi-core systems and provide automated and help user system behavior
605 analysis.
606
607 <li> Siemens have been using LTTng internally for quite some time now.
608 </ul>
609 </body>
610 </html>
This page took 0.04117 seconds and 5 git commands to generate.