Fix: loglevel and model_emf_uri with g++ compiled probes

Fix the loglevel and model_emf_uri features for probe providers compiled
with g++. They were previously effectless because of C++ symbol name
mangling. The weakref was refering to the non-mangled symbol, but C++
emits a mangled symbol for the static variable.

Fix this by emitting an extern "C" symbol with hidden visibility on C++.
With a C compiled, this simply turns a static variable into a variable
with hidden visibility.

Fixes: #1069
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>