urcu-bp: improve 2-phase wait scheme
[urcu.git] / urcu.c
CommitLineData
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1/*
2 * urcu.c
3 *
4 * Userspace RCU library
5 *
6982d6d7 6 * Copyright (c) 2009 Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
af02d47e 7 * Copyright (c) 2009 Paul E. McKenney, IBM Corporation.
b257a10b 8 *
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9 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
10 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
11 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
12 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
13 *
14 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
15 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
16 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
17 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 *
19 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
20 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
21 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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22 *
23 * IBM's contributions to this file may be relicensed under LGPLv2 or later.
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24 */
25
fdf01eed 26#define _BSD_SOURCE
c1d2c60b 27#define _GNU_SOURCE
71c811bf 28#define _LGPL_SOURCE
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29#include <stdio.h>
30#include <pthread.h>
31#include <signal.h>
32#include <assert.h>
f69f195a 33#include <stdlib.h>
6d841bc2 34#include <stdint.h>
f69f195a 35#include <string.h>
09a9f986 36#include <errno.h>
e8043c1b 37#include <poll.h>
27b012e2 38
d73fb81f 39#include "urcu/wfcqueue.h"
57760d44 40#include "urcu/map/urcu.h"
af7c2dbe 41#include "urcu/static/urcu.h"
618b2595 42#include "urcu-pointer.h"
bd252a04 43#include "urcu/tls-compat.h"
71c811bf 44
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45#include "urcu-die.h"
46
121a5d44 47/* Do not #define _LGPL_SOURCE to ensure we can emit the wrapper symbols */
71c811bf 48#undef _LGPL_SOURCE
27b012e2 49#include "urcu.h"
71c811bf 50#define _LGPL_SOURCE
27b012e2 51
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52/*
53 * If a reader is really non-cooperative and refuses to commit its
54 * rcu_active_readers count to memory (there is no barrier in the reader
55 * per-se), kick it after a few loops waiting for it.
56 */
57#define KICK_READER_LOOPS 10000
58
59/*
60 * Active attempts to check for reader Q.S. before calling futex().
61 */
62#define RCU_QS_ACTIVE_ATTEMPTS 100
63
fdf01eed 64#ifdef RCU_MEMBARRIER
834a45ba 65static int init_done;
1de4df4b 66int rcu_has_sys_membarrier;
834a45ba 67
02be5561 68void __attribute__((constructor)) rcu_init(void);
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69#endif
70
71#ifdef RCU_MB
02be5561 72void rcu_init(void)
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73{
74}
75#endif
8a5fb4c9 76
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77#ifdef RCU_SIGNAL
78static int init_done;
79
80void __attribute__((constructor)) rcu_init(void);
81void __attribute__((destructor)) rcu_exit(void);
82#endif
83
6abb4bd5 84static pthread_mutex_t rcu_gp_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
27b012e2 85
1de4df4b 86int32_t rcu_gp_futex;
bc6c15bb 87
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88/*
89 * Global grace period counter.
02be5561 90 * Contains the current RCU_GP_CTR_PHASE.
afb8f2c9 91 * Also has a RCU_GP_COUNT of 1, to accelerate the reader fast path.
b0d5e790 92 * Written to only by writer with mutex taken. Read by both writer and readers.
128166c9 93 */
27d65bc5 94unsigned long rcu_gp_ctr = RCU_GP_COUNT;
27b012e2 95
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96/*
97 * Written to only by each individual reader. Read by both the reader and the
98 * writers.
99 */
bd252a04 100DEFINE_URCU_TLS(struct rcu_reader, rcu_reader);
27b012e2 101
cf380c2f 102#ifdef DEBUG_YIELD
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103unsigned int rcu_yield_active;
104DEFINE_URCU_TLS(unsigned int, rcu_rand_yield);
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105#endif
106
16aa9ee8 107static CDS_LIST_HEAD(registry);
27b012e2 108
6abb4bd5 109static void mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
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110{
111 int ret;
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112
113#ifndef DISTRUST_SIGNALS_EXTREME
6abb4bd5 114 ret = pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
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115 if (ret)
116 urcu_die(ret);
09a9f986 117#else /* #ifndef DISTRUST_SIGNALS_EXTREME */
6abb4bd5 118 while ((ret = pthread_mutex_trylock(mutex)) != 0) {
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119 if (ret != EBUSY && ret != EINTR)
120 urcu_die(ret);
bd252a04 121 if (CMM_LOAD_SHARED(URCU_TLS(rcu_reader).need_mb)) {
5481ddb3 122 cmm_smp_mb();
bd252a04 123 _CMM_STORE_SHARED(URCU_TLS(rcu_reader).need_mb, 0);
5481ddb3 124 cmm_smp_mb();
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125 }
126 poll(NULL,0,10);
127 }
128#endif /* #else #ifndef DISTRUST_SIGNALS_EXTREME */
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129}
130
6abb4bd5 131static void mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
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132{
133 int ret;
134
6abb4bd5 135 ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);
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136 if (ret)
137 urcu_die(ret);
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138}
139
fdf01eed 140#ifdef RCU_MEMBARRIER
25cc6d18 141static void smp_mb_master(int group)
fdf01eed 142{
1de4df4b 143 if (caa_likely(rcu_has_sys_membarrier))
f0708810 144 membarrier(MEMBARRIER_EXPEDITED);
fdf01eed 145 else
5481ddb3 146 cmm_smp_mb();
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147}
148#endif
149
02be5561 150#ifdef RCU_MB
25cc6d18 151static void smp_mb_master(int group)
40e140c9 152{
5481ddb3 153 cmm_smp_mb();
40e140c9 154}
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155#endif
156
157#ifdef RCU_SIGNAL
78ff9419 158static void force_mb_all_readers(void)
27b012e2 159{
02be5561 160 struct rcu_reader *index;
e3b0cef0 161
27b012e2 162 /*
5481ddb3 163 * Ask for each threads to execute a cmm_smp_mb() so we can consider the
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164 * compiler barriers around rcu read lock as real memory barriers.
165 */
16aa9ee8 166 if (cds_list_empty(&registry))
27b012e2 167 return;
3a86deba 168 /*
5481ddb3 169 * pthread_kill has a cmm_smp_mb(). But beware, we assume it performs
157dca95 170 * a cache flush on architectures with non-coherent cache. Let's play
5481ddb3 171 * safe and don't assume anything : we use cmm_smp_mc() to make sure the
157dca95 172 * cache flush is enforced.
3a86deba 173 */
16aa9ee8 174 cds_list_for_each_entry(index, &registry, node) {
6cf3827c 175 CMM_STORE_SHARED(index->need_mb, 1);
02be5561 176 pthread_kill(index->tid, SIGRCU);
09a9f986 177 }
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178 /*
179 * Wait for sighandler (and thus mb()) to execute on every thread.
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180 *
181 * Note that the pthread_kill() will never be executed on systems
182 * that correctly deliver signals in a timely manner. However, it
183 * is not uncommon for kernels to have bugs that can result in
184 * lost or unduly delayed signals.
185 *
186 * If you are seeing the below pthread_kill() executing much at
187 * all, we suggest testing the underlying kernel and filing the
188 * relevant bug report. For Linux kernels, we recommend getting
189 * the Linux Test Project (LTP).
27b012e2 190 */
16aa9ee8 191 cds_list_for_each_entry(index, &registry, node) {
6cf3827c 192 while (CMM_LOAD_SHARED(index->need_mb)) {
02be5561 193 pthread_kill(index->tid, SIGRCU);
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194 poll(NULL, 0, 1);
195 }
196 }
5481ddb3 197 cmm_smp_mb(); /* read ->need_mb before ending the barrier */
27b012e2 198}
9d7e3f89 199
25cc6d18 200static void smp_mb_master(int group)
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201{
202 force_mb_all_readers();
203}
fdf01eed 204#endif /* #ifdef RCU_SIGNAL */
27b012e2 205
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206/*
207 * synchronize_rcu() waiting. Single thread.
208 */
cfe78e25 209static void wait_gp(void)
bc6c15bb 210{
cfe78e25 211 /* Read reader_gp before read futex */
25cc6d18 212 smp_mb_master(RCU_MB_GROUP);
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213 if (uatomic_read(&rcu_gp_futex) == -1)
214 futex_async(&rcu_gp_futex, FUTEX_WAIT, -1,
cfe78e25 215 NULL, NULL, 0);
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216}
217
c9488684 218static void wait_for_readers(void)
27b012e2 219{
16aa9ee8 220 CDS_LIST_HEAD(qsreaders);
cfe78e25 221 int wait_loops = 0;
02be5561 222 struct rcu_reader *index, *tmp;
27b012e2 223
40e140c9 224 /*
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225 * Wait for each thread URCU_TLS(rcu_reader).ctr to either
226 * indicate quiescence (not nested), or observe the current
227 * rcu_gp_ctr value.
27b012e2 228 */
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229 for (;;) {
230 wait_loops++;
231 if (wait_loops == RCU_QS_ACTIVE_ATTEMPTS) {
1de4df4b 232 uatomic_dec(&rcu_gp_futex);
cfe78e25 233 /* Write futex before read reader_gp */
25cc6d18 234 smp_mb_master(RCU_MB_GROUP);
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235 }
236
16aa9ee8 237 cds_list_for_each_entry_safe(index, tmp, &registry, node) {
b95a001f 238 if (!rcu_gp_ongoing(&index->ctr))
16aa9ee8 239 cds_list_move(&index->node, &qsreaders);
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240 }
241
e8043c1b 242#ifndef HAS_INCOHERENT_CACHES
16aa9ee8 243 if (cds_list_empty(&registry)) {
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244 if (wait_loops == RCU_QS_ACTIVE_ATTEMPTS) {
245 /* Read reader_gp before write futex */
25cc6d18 246 smp_mb_master(RCU_MB_GROUP);
1de4df4b 247 uatomic_set(&rcu_gp_futex, 0);
bc6c15bb 248 }
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249 break;
250 } else {
251 if (wait_loops == RCU_QS_ACTIVE_ATTEMPTS)
252 wait_gp();
253 else
06f22bdb 254 caa_cpu_relax();
bc6c15bb 255 }
e8043c1b 256#else /* #ifndef HAS_INCOHERENT_CACHES */
27b012e2 257 /*
40e140c9 258 * BUSY-LOOP. Force the reader thread to commit its
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259 * URCU_TLS(rcu_reader).ctr update to memory if we wait
260 * for too long.
27b012e2 261 */
16aa9ee8 262 if (cds_list_empty(&registry)) {
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263 if (wait_loops == RCU_QS_ACTIVE_ATTEMPTS) {
264 /* Read reader_gp before write futex */
25cc6d18 265 smp_mb_master(RCU_MB_GROUP);
1de4df4b 266 uatomic_set(&rcu_gp_futex, 0);
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267 }
268 break;
269 } else {
270 switch (wait_loops) {
bc6c15bb 271 case RCU_QS_ACTIVE_ATTEMPTS:
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272 wait_gp();
273 break; /* only escape switch */
bc6c15bb 274 case KICK_READER_LOOPS:
25cc6d18 275 smp_mb_master(RCU_MB_GROUP);
40e140c9 276 wait_loops = 0;
cfe78e25 277 break; /* only escape switch */
bc6c15bb 278 default:
06f22bdb 279 caa_cpu_relax();
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280 }
281 }
e8043c1b 282#endif /* #else #ifndef HAS_INCOHERENT_CACHES */
27b012e2 283 }
cfe78e25 284 /* put back the reader list in the registry */
16aa9ee8 285 cds_list_splice(&qsreaders, &registry);
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286}
287
9598a481 288void synchronize_rcu(void)
2bc59bd7 289{
6abb4bd5 290 mutex_lock(&rcu_gp_lock);
135530fd 291
16aa9ee8 292 if (cds_list_empty(&registry))
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293 goto out;
294
9598a481 295 /* All threads should read qparity before accessing data structure
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296 * where new ptr points to. Must be done within rcu_gp_lock because it
297 * iterates on reader threads.*/
9598a481 298 /* Write new ptr before changing the qparity */
25cc6d18 299 smp_mb_master(RCU_MB_GROUP);
9598a481 300
9598a481 301 /*
c9488684 302 * Wait for readers to observe original parity or be quiescent.
9598a481 303 */
c9488684 304 wait_for_readers();
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305
306 /*
c9488684 307 * Must finish waiting for quiescent state for original parity before
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308 * committing next rcu_gp_ctr update to memory. Failure to do so could
309 * result in the writer waiting forever while new readers are always
310 * accessing data (no progress). Enforce compiler-order of load
bd252a04 311 * URCU_TLS(rcu_reader).ctr before store to rcu_gp_ctr.
9598a481 312 */
5481ddb3 313 cmm_barrier();
9598a481 314
5dba80f9 315 /*
5481ddb3 316 * Adding a cmm_smp_mb() which is _not_ formally required, but makes the
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317 * model easier to understand. It does not have a big performance impact
318 * anyway, given this is the write-side.
319 */
5481ddb3 320 cmm_smp_mb();
67c2d80b 321
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322 /* Switch parity: 0 -> 1, 1 -> 0 */
323 CMM_STORE_SHARED(rcu_gp_ctr, rcu_gp_ctr ^ RCU_GP_CTR_PHASE);
324
325 /*
326 * Must commit rcu_gp_ctr update to memory before waiting for quiescent
327 * state. Failure to do so could result in the writer waiting forever
328 * while new readers are always accessing data (no progress). Enforce
329 * compiler-order of store to rcu_gp_ctr before load rcu_reader ctr.
330 */
331 cmm_barrier();
332
333 /*
334 *
335 * Adding a cmm_smp_mb() which is _not_ formally required, but makes the
336 * model easier to understand. It does not have a big performance impact
337 * anyway, given this is the write-side.
338 */
339 cmm_smp_mb();
340
9598a481 341 /*
c9488684 342 * Wait for readers to observe new parity or be quiescent.
9598a481 343 */
c9488684 344 wait_for_readers();
9598a481 345
9598a481 346 /* Finish waiting for reader threads before letting the old ptr being
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347 * freed. Must be done within rcu_gp_lock because it iterates on reader
348 * threads. */
25cc6d18 349 smp_mb_master(RCU_MB_GROUP);
2dfb8b5e 350out:
6abb4bd5 351 mutex_unlock(&rcu_gp_lock);
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352}
353
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354/*
355 * library wrappers to be used by non-LGPL compatible source code.
356 */
357
358void rcu_read_lock(void)
359{
360 _rcu_read_lock();
361}
362
363void rcu_read_unlock(void)
364{
365 _rcu_read_unlock();
366}
367
121a5d44 368void rcu_register_thread(void)
27b012e2 369{
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370 URCU_TLS(rcu_reader).tid = pthread_self();
371 assert(URCU_TLS(rcu_reader).need_mb == 0);
372 assert(!(URCU_TLS(rcu_reader).ctr & RCU_GP_CTR_NEST_MASK));
02be5561 373
6abb4bd5 374 mutex_lock(&rcu_gp_lock);
02be5561 375 rcu_init(); /* In case gcc does not support constructor attribute */
bd252a04 376 cds_list_add(&URCU_TLS(rcu_reader).node, &registry);
6abb4bd5 377 mutex_unlock(&rcu_gp_lock);
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378}
379
121a5d44 380void rcu_unregister_thread(void)
27b012e2 381{
6abb4bd5 382 mutex_lock(&rcu_gp_lock);
bd252a04 383 cds_list_del(&URCU_TLS(rcu_reader).node);
6abb4bd5 384 mutex_unlock(&rcu_gp_lock);
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385}
386
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387#ifdef RCU_MEMBARRIER
388void rcu_init(void)
389{
390 if (init_done)
391 return;
392 init_done = 1;
cf5271ee 393 if (!membarrier(MEMBARRIER_EXPEDITED | MEMBARRIER_QUERY))
1de4df4b 394 rcu_has_sys_membarrier = 1;
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395}
396#endif
397
398#ifdef RCU_SIGNAL
02be5561 399static void sigrcu_handler(int signo, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context)
27b012e2 400{
40e140c9 401 /*
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402 * Executing this cmm_smp_mb() is the only purpose of this signal handler.
403 * It punctually promotes cmm_barrier() into cmm_smp_mb() on every thread it is
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404 * executed on.
405 */
5481ddb3 406 cmm_smp_mb();
bd252a04 407 _CMM_STORE_SHARED(URCU_TLS(rcu_reader).need_mb, 0);
5481ddb3 408 cmm_smp_mb();
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409}
410
8a5fb4c9 411/*
02be5561 412 * rcu_init constructor. Called when the library is linked, but also when
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413 * reader threads are calling rcu_register_thread().
414 * Should only be called by a single thread at a given time. This is ensured by
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415 * holing the rcu_gp_lock from rcu_register_thread() or by running at library
416 * load time, which should not be executed by multiple threads nor concurrently
417 * with rcu_register_thread() anyway.
8a5fb4c9 418 */
02be5561 419void rcu_init(void)
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420{
421 struct sigaction act;
422 int ret;
423
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424 if (init_done)
425 return;
426 init_done = 1;
427
02be5561 428 act.sa_sigaction = sigrcu_handler;
dd052bd3 429 act.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO | SA_RESTART;
c297c21c 430 sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
02be5561 431 ret = sigaction(SIGRCU, &act, NULL);
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432 if (ret)
433 urcu_die(errno);
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434}
435
02be5561 436void rcu_exit(void)
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437{
438 struct sigaction act;
439 int ret;
440
02be5561 441 ret = sigaction(SIGRCU, NULL, &act);
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442 if (ret)
443 urcu_die(errno);
02be5561 444 assert(act.sa_sigaction == sigrcu_handler);
16aa9ee8 445 assert(cds_list_empty(&registry));
27b012e2 446}
5e77fc1f 447
fdf01eed 448#endif /* #ifdef RCU_SIGNAL */
5e77fc1f 449
5e6b23a6 450DEFINE_RCU_FLAVOR(rcu_flavor);
541d828d 451
5e77fc1f 452#include "urcu-call-rcu-impl.h"
0376e7b2 453#include "urcu-defer-impl.h"
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