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[urcu.git] / src / urcu-defer-impl.h
1 #ifndef _URCU_DEFER_IMPL_H
2 #define _URCU_DEFER_IMPL_H
3
4 /*
5 * urcu-defer-impl.h
6 *
7 * Userspace RCU header - memory reclamation.
8 *
9 * TO BE INCLUDED ONLY FROM URCU LIBRARY CODE. See urcu-defer.h for linking
10 * dynamically with the userspace rcu reclamation library.
11 *
12 * Copyright (c) 2009 Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
13 * Copyright (c) 2009 Paul E. McKenney, IBM Corporation.
14 *
15 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
16 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
17 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
18 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
19 *
20 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
21 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
22 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
23 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
24 *
25 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
26 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
27 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
28 *
29 * IBM's contributions to this file may be relicensed under LGPLv2 or later.
30 */
31
32 #include <stdlib.h>
33 #include <pthread.h>
34 #include <stdio.h>
35 #include <signal.h>
36 #include <assert.h>
37 #include <string.h>
38 #include <errno.h>
39 #include <poll.h>
40 #include <sys/time.h>
41 #include <unistd.h>
42 #include <stdint.h>
43
44 #include "urcu/futex.h"
45
46 #include <urcu/compiler.h>
47 #include <urcu/arch.h>
48 #include <urcu/uatomic.h>
49 #include <urcu/list.h>
50 #include <urcu/system.h>
51 #include <urcu/tls-compat.h>
52 #include "urcu-die.h"
53 #include "urcu-utils.h"
54
55 /*
56 * Number of entries in the per-thread defer queue. Must be power of 2.
57 */
58 #define DEFER_QUEUE_SIZE (1 << 12)
59 #define DEFER_QUEUE_MASK (DEFER_QUEUE_SIZE - 1)
60
61 /*
62 * Typically, data is aligned at least on the architecture size.
63 * Use lowest bit to indicate that the current callback is changing.
64 * Assumes that (void *)-2L is not used often. Used to encode non-aligned
65 * functions and non-aligned data using extra space.
66 * We encode the (void *)-2L fct as: -2L, fct, data.
67 * We encode the (void *)-2L data as either:
68 * fct | DQ_FCT_BIT, data (if fct is aligned), or
69 * -2L, fct, data (if fct is not aligned).
70 * Here, DQ_FCT_MARK == ~DQ_FCT_BIT. Required for the test order.
71 */
72 #define DQ_FCT_BIT (1 << 0)
73 #define DQ_IS_FCT_BIT(x) ((unsigned long)(x) & DQ_FCT_BIT)
74 #define DQ_SET_FCT_BIT(x) \
75 (x = (void *)((unsigned long)(x) | DQ_FCT_BIT))
76 #define DQ_CLEAR_FCT_BIT(x) \
77 (x = (void *)((unsigned long)(x) & ~DQ_FCT_BIT))
78 #define DQ_FCT_MARK ((void *)(~DQ_FCT_BIT))
79
80 /*
81 * This code section can only be included in LGPL 2.1 compatible source code.
82 * See below for the function call wrappers which can be used in code meant to
83 * be only linked with the Userspace RCU library. This comes with a small
84 * performance degradation on the read-side due to the added function calls.
85 * This is required to permit relinking with newer versions of the library.
86 */
87
88 /*
89 * defer queue.
90 * Contains pointers. Encoded to save space when same callback is often used.
91 * When looking up the next item:
92 * - if DQ_FCT_BIT is set, set the current callback to DQ_CLEAR_FCT_BIT(ptr)
93 * - next element contains pointer to data.
94 * - else if item == DQ_FCT_MARK
95 * - set the current callback to next element ptr
96 * - following next element contains pointer to data.
97 * - else current element contains data
98 */
99 struct defer_queue {
100 unsigned long head; /* add element at head */
101 void *last_fct_in; /* last fct pointer encoded */
102 unsigned long tail; /* next element to remove at tail */
103 void *last_fct_out; /* last fct pointer encoded */
104 void **q;
105 /* registry information */
106 unsigned long last_head;
107 struct cds_list_head list; /* list of thread queues */
108 };
109
110 /* Do not #define _LGPL_SOURCE to ensure we can emit the wrapper symbols */
111 #include <urcu/defer.h>
112
113 void __attribute__((destructor)) rcu_defer_exit(void);
114
115 extern void synchronize_rcu(void);
116
117 /*
118 * rcu_defer_mutex nests inside defer_thread_mutex.
119 */
120 static pthread_mutex_t rcu_defer_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
121 static pthread_mutex_t defer_thread_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
122
123 static int32_t defer_thread_futex;
124 static int32_t defer_thread_stop;
125
126 /*
127 * Written to only by each individual deferer. Read by both the deferer and
128 * the reclamation tread.
129 */
130 static DEFINE_URCU_TLS(struct defer_queue, defer_queue);
131 static CDS_LIST_HEAD(registry_defer);
132 static pthread_t tid_defer;
133
134 static void mutex_lock_defer(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
135 {
136 int ret;
137
138 #ifndef DISTRUST_SIGNALS_EXTREME
139 ret = pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
140 if (ret)
141 urcu_die(ret);
142 #else /* #ifndef DISTRUST_SIGNALS_EXTREME */
143 while ((ret = pthread_mutex_trylock(mutex)) != 0) {
144 if (ret != EBUSY && ret != EINTR)
145 urcu_die(ret);
146 (void) poll(NULL,0,10);
147 }
148 #endif /* #else #ifndef DISTRUST_SIGNALS_EXTREME */
149 }
150
151 /*
152 * Wake-up any waiting defer thread. Called from many concurrent threads.
153 */
154 static void wake_up_defer(void)
155 {
156 if (caa_unlikely(uatomic_read(&defer_thread_futex) == -1)) {
157 uatomic_set(&defer_thread_futex, 0);
158 if (futex_noasync(&defer_thread_futex, FUTEX_WAKE, 1,
159 NULL, NULL, 0) < 0)
160 urcu_die(errno);
161 }
162 }
163
164 static unsigned long rcu_defer_num_callbacks(void)
165 {
166 unsigned long num_items = 0, head;
167 struct defer_queue *index;
168
169 mutex_lock_defer(&rcu_defer_mutex);
170 cds_list_for_each_entry(index, &registry_defer, list) {
171 head = CMM_LOAD_SHARED(index->head);
172 num_items += head - index->tail;
173 }
174 mutex_unlock(&rcu_defer_mutex);
175 return num_items;
176 }
177
178 /*
179 * Defer thread waiting. Single thread.
180 */
181 static void wait_defer(void)
182 {
183 uatomic_dec(&defer_thread_futex);
184 /* Write futex before read queue */
185 /* Write futex before read defer_thread_stop */
186 cmm_smp_mb();
187 if (_CMM_LOAD_SHARED(defer_thread_stop)) {
188 uatomic_set(&defer_thread_futex, 0);
189 pthread_exit(0);
190 }
191 if (rcu_defer_num_callbacks()) {
192 cmm_smp_mb(); /* Read queue before write futex */
193 /* Callbacks are queued, don't wait. */
194 uatomic_set(&defer_thread_futex, 0);
195 } else {
196 cmm_smp_rmb(); /* Read queue before read futex */
197 if (uatomic_read(&defer_thread_futex) != -1)
198 return;
199 while (futex_noasync(&defer_thread_futex, FUTEX_WAIT, -1,
200 NULL, NULL, 0)) {
201 switch (errno) {
202 case EWOULDBLOCK:
203 /* Value already changed. */
204 return;
205 case EINTR:
206 /* Retry if interrupted by signal. */
207 break; /* Get out of switch. */
208 default:
209 /* Unexpected error. */
210 urcu_die(errno);
211 }
212 }
213 }
214 }
215
216 /*
217 * Must be called after Q.S. is reached.
218 */
219 static void rcu_defer_barrier_queue(struct defer_queue *queue,
220 unsigned long head)
221 {
222 unsigned long i;
223 void (*fct)(void *p);
224 void *p;
225
226 /*
227 * Tail is only modified when lock is held.
228 * Head is only modified by owner thread.
229 */
230
231 for (i = queue->tail; i != head;) {
232 cmm_smp_rmb(); /* read head before q[]. */
233 p = CMM_LOAD_SHARED(queue->q[i++ & DEFER_QUEUE_MASK]);
234 if (caa_unlikely(DQ_IS_FCT_BIT(p))) {
235 DQ_CLEAR_FCT_BIT(p);
236 queue->last_fct_out = p;
237 p = CMM_LOAD_SHARED(queue->q[i++ & DEFER_QUEUE_MASK]);
238 } else if (caa_unlikely(p == DQ_FCT_MARK)) {
239 p = CMM_LOAD_SHARED(queue->q[i++ & DEFER_QUEUE_MASK]);
240 queue->last_fct_out = p;
241 p = CMM_LOAD_SHARED(queue->q[i++ & DEFER_QUEUE_MASK]);
242 }
243 fct = queue->last_fct_out;
244 fct(p);
245 }
246 cmm_smp_mb(); /* push tail after having used q[] */
247 CMM_STORE_SHARED(queue->tail, i);
248 }
249
250 static void _rcu_defer_barrier_thread(void)
251 {
252 unsigned long head, num_items;
253
254 head = URCU_TLS(defer_queue).head;
255 num_items = head - URCU_TLS(defer_queue).tail;
256 if (caa_unlikely(!num_items))
257 return;
258 synchronize_rcu();
259 rcu_defer_barrier_queue(&URCU_TLS(defer_queue), head);
260 }
261
262 void rcu_defer_barrier_thread(void)
263 {
264 mutex_lock_defer(&rcu_defer_mutex);
265 _rcu_defer_barrier_thread();
266 mutex_unlock(&rcu_defer_mutex);
267 }
268 URCU_ATTR_ALIAS(urcu_stringify(rcu_defer_barrier_thread))
269 void alias_rcu_defer_barrier_thread();
270
271 /*
272 * rcu_defer_barrier - Execute all queued rcu callbacks.
273 *
274 * Execute all RCU callbacks queued before rcu_defer_barrier() execution.
275 * All callbacks queued on the local thread prior to a rcu_defer_barrier() call
276 * are guaranteed to be executed.
277 * Callbacks queued by other threads concurrently with rcu_defer_barrier()
278 * execution are not guaranteed to be executed in the current batch (could
279 * be left for the next batch). These callbacks queued by other threads are only
280 * guaranteed to be executed if there is explicit synchronization between
281 * the thread adding to the queue and the thread issuing the defer_barrier call.
282 */
283
284 void rcu_defer_barrier(void)
285 {
286 struct defer_queue *index;
287 unsigned long num_items = 0;
288
289 if (cds_list_empty(&registry_defer))
290 return;
291
292 mutex_lock_defer(&rcu_defer_mutex);
293 cds_list_for_each_entry(index, &registry_defer, list) {
294 index->last_head = CMM_LOAD_SHARED(index->head);
295 num_items += index->last_head - index->tail;
296 }
297 if (caa_likely(!num_items)) {
298 /*
299 * We skip the grace period because there are no queued
300 * callbacks to execute.
301 */
302 goto end;
303 }
304 synchronize_rcu();
305 cds_list_for_each_entry(index, &registry_defer, list)
306 rcu_defer_barrier_queue(index, index->last_head);
307 end:
308 mutex_unlock(&rcu_defer_mutex);
309 }
310 URCU_ATTR_ALIAS(urcu_stringify(rcu_defer_barrier))
311 void alias_rcu_defer_barrier();
312
313 /*
314 * _defer_rcu - Queue a RCU callback.
315 */
316 static void _defer_rcu(void (*fct)(void *p), void *p)
317 {
318 unsigned long head, tail;
319
320 /*
321 * Head is only modified by ourself. Tail can be modified by reclamation
322 * thread.
323 */
324 head = URCU_TLS(defer_queue).head;
325 tail = CMM_LOAD_SHARED(URCU_TLS(defer_queue).tail);
326
327 /*
328 * If queue is full, or reached threshold. Empty queue ourself.
329 * Worse-case: must allow 2 supplementary entries for fct pointer.
330 */
331 if (caa_unlikely(head - tail >= DEFER_QUEUE_SIZE - 2)) {
332 assert(head - tail <= DEFER_QUEUE_SIZE);
333 rcu_defer_barrier_thread();
334 assert(head - CMM_LOAD_SHARED(URCU_TLS(defer_queue).tail) == 0);
335 }
336
337 /*
338 * Encode:
339 * if the function is not changed and the data is aligned and it is
340 * not the marker:
341 * store the data
342 * otherwise if the function is aligned and its not the marker:
343 * store the function with DQ_FCT_BIT
344 * store the data
345 * otherwise:
346 * store the marker (DQ_FCT_MARK)
347 * store the function
348 * store the data
349 *
350 * Decode: see the comments before 'struct defer_queue'
351 * or the code in rcu_defer_barrier_queue().
352 */
353 if (caa_unlikely(URCU_TLS(defer_queue).last_fct_in != fct
354 || DQ_IS_FCT_BIT(p)
355 || p == DQ_FCT_MARK)) {
356 URCU_TLS(defer_queue).last_fct_in = fct;
357 if (caa_unlikely(DQ_IS_FCT_BIT(fct) || fct == DQ_FCT_MARK)) {
358 _CMM_STORE_SHARED(URCU_TLS(defer_queue).q[head++ & DEFER_QUEUE_MASK],
359 DQ_FCT_MARK);
360 _CMM_STORE_SHARED(URCU_TLS(defer_queue).q[head++ & DEFER_QUEUE_MASK],
361 fct);
362 } else {
363 DQ_SET_FCT_BIT(fct);
364 _CMM_STORE_SHARED(URCU_TLS(defer_queue).q[head++ & DEFER_QUEUE_MASK],
365 fct);
366 }
367 }
368 _CMM_STORE_SHARED(URCU_TLS(defer_queue).q[head++ & DEFER_QUEUE_MASK], p);
369 cmm_smp_wmb(); /* Publish new pointer before head */
370 /* Write q[] before head. */
371 CMM_STORE_SHARED(URCU_TLS(defer_queue).head, head);
372 cmm_smp_mb(); /* Write queue head before read futex */
373 /*
374 * Wake-up any waiting defer thread.
375 */
376 wake_up_defer();
377 }
378
379 static void *thr_defer(void *args)
380 {
381 for (;;) {
382 /*
383 * "Be green". Don't wake up the CPU if there is no RCU work
384 * to perform whatsoever. Aims at saving laptop battery life by
385 * leaving the processor in sleep state when idle.
386 */
387 wait_defer();
388 /* Sleeping after wait_defer to let many callbacks enqueue */
389 (void) poll(NULL,0,100); /* wait for 100ms */
390 rcu_defer_barrier();
391 }
392
393 return NULL;
394 }
395
396 /*
397 * library wrappers to be used by non-LGPL compatible source code.
398 */
399
400 void defer_rcu(void (*fct)(void *p), void *p)
401 {
402 _defer_rcu(fct, p);
403 }
404 URCU_ATTR_ALIAS(urcu_stringify(defer_rcu)) void alias_defer_rcu();
405
406 static void start_defer_thread(void)
407 {
408 int ret;
409
410 ret = pthread_create(&tid_defer, NULL, thr_defer, NULL);
411 assert(!ret);
412 }
413
414 static void stop_defer_thread(void)
415 {
416 int ret;
417 void *tret;
418
419 _CMM_STORE_SHARED(defer_thread_stop, 1);
420 /* Store defer_thread_stop before testing futex */
421 cmm_smp_mb();
422 wake_up_defer();
423
424 ret = pthread_join(tid_defer, &tret);
425 assert(!ret);
426
427 CMM_STORE_SHARED(defer_thread_stop, 0);
428 /* defer thread should always exit when futex value is 0 */
429 assert(uatomic_read(&defer_thread_futex) == 0);
430 }
431
432 int rcu_defer_register_thread(void)
433 {
434 int was_empty;
435
436 assert(URCU_TLS(defer_queue).last_head == 0);
437 assert(URCU_TLS(defer_queue).q == NULL);
438 URCU_TLS(defer_queue).q = malloc(sizeof(void *) * DEFER_QUEUE_SIZE);
439 if (!URCU_TLS(defer_queue).q)
440 return -ENOMEM;
441
442 mutex_lock_defer(&defer_thread_mutex);
443 mutex_lock_defer(&rcu_defer_mutex);
444 was_empty = cds_list_empty(&registry_defer);
445 cds_list_add(&URCU_TLS(defer_queue).list, &registry_defer);
446 mutex_unlock(&rcu_defer_mutex);
447
448 if (was_empty)
449 start_defer_thread();
450 mutex_unlock(&defer_thread_mutex);
451 return 0;
452 }
453 URCU_ATTR_ALIAS(urcu_stringify(rcu_defer_register_thread))
454 int alias_rcu_defer_register_thread();
455
456 void rcu_defer_unregister_thread(void)
457 {
458 int is_empty;
459
460 mutex_lock_defer(&defer_thread_mutex);
461 mutex_lock_defer(&rcu_defer_mutex);
462 cds_list_del(&URCU_TLS(defer_queue).list);
463 _rcu_defer_barrier_thread();
464 free(URCU_TLS(defer_queue).q);
465 URCU_TLS(defer_queue).q = NULL;
466 is_empty = cds_list_empty(&registry_defer);
467 mutex_unlock(&rcu_defer_mutex);
468
469 if (is_empty)
470 stop_defer_thread();
471 mutex_unlock(&defer_thread_mutex);
472 }
473 URCU_ATTR_ALIAS(urcu_stringify(rcu_defer_unregister_thread))
474 void alias_rcu_defer_unregister_thread();
475
476 void rcu_defer_exit(void)
477 {
478 assert(cds_list_empty(&registry_defer));
479 }
480 URCU_ATTR_ALIAS(urcu_stringify(rcu_defer_exit))
481 void alias_rcu_defer_exit();
482
483 #endif /* _URCU_DEFER_IMPL_H */
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